The Influence of Alcohol on the Brain - 826 Words

When you drink alcohol it messes with your judgment .Long term problems with drinking alcohol can lead to liver disease, high blood pressure, stroke, stomach problems, harm to unborn children, and complications with other illnesses. You can also get addicted to alcohol. Why can alcohol become an addictive substance? Drinking alcohol causes a release of endorphins and activates reward circuitry in the brain. Heavy and frequent drinkers experience a larger release of endorphins. Eventually, tolerance and dependence develop, and users become addicted to alcohol. Endorphins are any of a group of hormones secreted within the brain and nervous system and having a number of physiological functions. They are peptides that activate the bodys opiate receptors, causing an analgesic effect. If you drink just one beer the stimulants mess with your brain. Alcohol messes with your nervous system. When you consume alcohol your judgment gets hazy. That is one reason you don’t drink and drive. When you drive under the influence your judgment is off so you may not know what side of the road you are on. If you get pulled over while intoxicated you may have to take a Breathalyzer. They legal limit for a Breathalyzer is 0.8%. You can say you do not want to take the Breathalyzer because it is your right. Little factors like the person’s weight, muscle mass, or recently consumed drinks and food can all affect the measurement of a person’s blood alcohol content. People often think whenShow MoreRelated Alcohol and its Effects Essay1133 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and its Effects Does the brain control all forms of behavior? Is everything we do, say, think and feel a direct output from nothing but the brain? Is it justifiable to think of the brain as interconnected box within box with inputs and outputs? The focus of this paper is on the input alcohol and how the processes generate a certain type of behavior output. This focus of alcohol input and behavior output will demonstrate that indeed brain is and does equal all forms of behavior. WhenRead MoreHow Drinking Alcohol Affects the Brain Essay example1713 Words   |  7 Pages The topic I chose for my essay is how alcohol can affect the brain. I used Google and Bing as my research database. Initially I found a lot of information on drinking alcohol, but that covered every aspect of it. I wanted to incorporate as much information that I had found on drinking alcohol as I could. From drinking and driving, how people think when they are under the influence, to how alcohol affects the brain. I wanted to make sure I touched base with everything I had learnedRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On Social Behavior1693 Words   |  7 Pagesmeals, and in many other environments. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug (it alters mood and potentially consciousness) and is specifically classified as a depressant. Depressant drugs slow down the nervous system and physiological functioning while promoting a relaxing, drowsy feeling. In the case of alcohol, these aforementioned effects typically arise when heavy doses of the drug are consumed. In low to moderate doses, however, the opposite happens. The alcohol has a mood-elevating effect, along withRead MoreCauses and Effects of Alcohal Abuse1150 Words   |  5 PagesThe Causes and Effects of Alcohol Abuse   For about 10% to 12% of the 140 million adults in the United States who drink, the use of alcohol develops into addiction. Alcoholism in men is approximately two to three times greater than in women (14% of male drinkers vs. 6% of female drinkers). In addition onset of alcoholism usually occurs at a younger age in men than in women (Fay, 1998). In terms of consumption 20% of drinkers consume 80% of all alcohol (Babor, 2010).    There has been an abundanceRead MoreAlcohol And Teens : Should The U.s. Lower Or Rise It s Drinking Age?1031 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol and Teens: Should the U.S. Lower or Rise It’s Drinking Age? Alcohol is a depressant. It slows down the activity of the central nervous system, including the brain. A debate amongst our nation has been â€Å"Should the minimum drinking age be lower than 21?† I personally do not think so. Even though at age 18 you are technically an adult and responsible for your own actions, I do not think the legal alcohol consumption age should be lowered because it causes health risks, bad decisions, and endangersRead MoreDriving while Drinking683 Words   |  3 Pageseffects of alcohol on driving? Driving a vehicle is a very complex activity that demands proper decision-making, total concentration, good co-ordination and rapid reflexes. In order to drive safely, it is essential to be alert, aware and able to make quick decisions in response to a constant rapidly changing environment. Alcohol alters the ability of the brain and body to function normally. It interferes with even the most experienced driver’s ability to drive safely. When alcohol is consumedRead MoreEffects Of Alcohol On The Body s Organs And Brain Activity1350 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol is a recreational drug which contains ethanol (Drugfreeworld.org, 2016), a depressant that prolongs the messages from the brain to the body affecting the way one thinks, feels and behaves (Alcoholthinkagain.com.au, 2014). Excessive alcohol consumption can have many negative effects on the body’s organs and brain activity. Major health problems such as cardiovascular disease, cirrhosis, depression, gout and pancreatitis can occur as a result of consuming large quantities of alcohol and haveRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alcohol Abuse1436 Words   |  6 PagesMany are unaware of the dangers alcohol causes because it is sold and distributed legally in the United States, when in reality alcohol kills many people every year. Alcohol is ranked the third highest reasoning of early teenage death, beating out high blood pressure, illegal drugs, and unsafe water (†Å"2.5 Million Alcohol-Related Deaths†). The sensation of euphoria is a haze while on alcohol, which many try to achieve, unaware of the effects that may haunt them long after that feeling is gone. TheRead MoreThe Effects of Alcohol on Pilots During Flight Essay1148 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol is something that has been part of human nature for thousands of years. It has been used by means of medical, social, religious, and cultural settings (Information about Alcohol, n.d.). Alcohol is going to be a product that will be a part of our lives for many years to come, definitely past our lifetime. A problem that we see today is the use of drinking and driving. This is one of life’s more dangerous and stupid activities, but people still decide to do it. People like to push theirRead MoreTeen Alcoholism Is Driven By Example1150 Words   |  5 Pagesand the outcome of he or she’s futures. â€Å"People who begin drinking before age 15 are four times more likely to develop alcohol dependence at some time in their lives compared with those who have their first drink at age 20 or older. It is not clear whether starting to drink at an early age actually causes alcoholism or whether it simply indicates an existing vulnerability to alcohol use disorders. For example, both early drinking and alcoholism had been linked to personality characteristics such as

My Personal Statement On My Career Goals - 947 Words

This program has taught me many things about myself. I have been able to analyze my personality, my tenacity, and my ability to be patient and how I am able to handle conflict not only in my classroom but also in my life. The virtues that I possess can influence my teaching style and how my students perceive my class and are able to function and achieve. It is important for my students to be successful and this is something that I must work hard to instill in my students. Success to me cannot be determined by one certain definition because I believe that a person has success when they are striving to become the best that they can be and they are at peace with where they are in their life. I do not believe that it is determined by economic status or position. I think in every individual that success can take on many different meanings. Success to one person may be being successful as a spouse or child and to another person it may mean achieving goals that they feel are important within the workplace. We are all different and are driven by different things. In order to be successful you must also knows your strengths and weaknesses. Knowing where my strengths and weaknesses lie is something that everyone needs to know. It is helpful for me to see things that I can do to help myself in areas that I am not strong. This will help me as a teacher to work on areas that I avoid because they are not comfortable for me. It will help my students to know that we all need to beShow MoreRelatedPersonal Statement : My Career Goals938 Words   |  4 PagesMy academic goal is to obtain my Associate Degree in Computer Technology. For the past year, I have been able to focus more on my education. At this point, I have roughly 3 to 4 semesters remaining before reaching my academic goal. With my determination, hard work and the support of my husband, children and close friends, I have been given the encouragement to push forward. These people are like my own personal ch eer squad, giving me the strength and courage to keep, going when times have gottenRead MorePersonal Statement : My Career Goals984 Words   |  4 PagesMy academic objective is to obtain my Associate Degree in Computer Technology. For the past year and a half, I have been able to focus more on my education. At this point, I have roughly three semesters remaining before reaching my academic goal. With my determination, hard work, and the support of my husband, children and close friends, I have been given the encouragement to push forward. This group of people is like my own personal cheer squad, giving me the strength and courage to keep goingRead MorePersonal Statement : My Career Goals Essay994 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I think of my career goals, I ask myself what I want to accomplish in life. I know that I love helping patients and families, and I want to continue to do that. I always am changing my mind on what I want to do after my BSN. I don’t know when or if I will get my masters or continue to work at the bedside for a while. I love what I do and what I do for other people and families. Working in the critical care unit feels like home. I get to do what I love. I attended a webinar sponsored by the AmericanRead MorePersonal Statement : My Career Goals2125 Words   |  9 Pagessuccessful company. Knowing that my Major is a lot to take on I have dedicated myself to the process. I have looked marketing major in the Kennesaw Coles College academic catalog for specific majors. After reviewing the catalog my classes have a lot of focus on marketing but also on the scheme of the business. Marketing majors need to know the whole business the ins and outs to become a great marketing wiz and being successful in my career is my goal. 2. What is your career goal and how will the major thatRead MoreMy Career Goals: A Personal Statement578 Words   |  2 Pagesthrough this ability that I want to pursue my graduate degree in government and public policy. I believe I have both the ability and prudent skill set to help further the ideals of society in a thoughtful manner. These ideals, ultimately will further the quality of life for society in a manner that is mutually beneficial for all parties involved. It is in this pursuit that my graduate studies in government and public policy will be of immense benefit. My prior experience has been within the businessRead MoreStatement Of Philosophy. Record Your Statements Of Philosophy1057 Words   |  5 Pages Statement of Philosophy Record your statements of philosophy of Nursing and of personal philosophy. Explain how these are reflected the values, vision, and personal interests that you recorded in your â€Å"My Vision and Interests† tool. My personal philosophy of nursing is to assist all my patients and their families during this crisis of illness and improve to their outcomes, using only the best nursing practices. Although their hospital stay may be unpreventable I can better facilitate their journeyRead MoreProfessional Career Action Plan1345 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Career Action Plan Kara Jenkins HCS/449 January 2, 2015 Instructor: Michael Jones Professional Career Action Plan It is agreed upon by many that the pathway to achieving success involves the establishment of goals. Through this paper I will outline my professional goals and the job I would like to obtain in the health care field. I will also address skills that I have currently acquired and skills that I would like to acquire and skills that I need to change or alter. In closingRead MoreStudy Counseling And Accounting Disciplines989 Words   |  4 PagesAccounting With my IDS degree I chose to study counseling and accounting disciplines. I really enjoy listening to people and looking for ways to help them. I would like to create a new kind of counseling system that is very different from anything there is today. This is where my account background will come into play. I will need to start my own business to fulfill my dream. In order to be successful I will need my accounting knowledge to keep my business running. I will also need to continue my educationRead MoreCareer Objectives Of Queens Executive Mba1385 Words   |  6 PagesU of C: A written statement outlining - Career objectives and - Learning objectives. Queen’s: A cover letter outlining - Current responsibilities and assignments, - Career accomplishments, - Reasons for applying to Queen s Executive MBA, and - Professional and - Personal goals. I want to earn the MBA so I can - Have better career prospects - Earn more money - Secure my career - Finish what I wanted to accomplish 20 years ago, to serve my country, - Align my skills with the appropriateRead MorePersonal And Career Development Program1144 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past 24 weeks, the Personal and Career Development program and the internship helped me learn a lot about myself. The professional path helps me gained more confidence and experience and has given me a substantial opportunity to discover my practical and management skills. As a result, I learned about my thinking approach, decision-making ability, capacity, and time management skills. I become more confident in communicating with others, how to discuss and make effective decisions while

Managing Service Quality And Demand †Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Managing Service Quality And Demand. Answer: Introduction Service quality offered by the company to its esteemed clients is considered to be a major element employed by most organizations across the globe to attract and retain more clients to the organization. In this case, organizations have to ensure that they offer quality services at any particular time to meet clients demand. Clients always compare products and services offered by various companies before making their final decision. Therefore, basing on this aspect, it is recommended that companies that have the intention of attaining a competitive advantage in the marketing industry should offer quality services to their clients all the time. In this case, therefore, the paper is going to conduct an analysis in relation to managing service quality and demand in an organization to enable a company to effectively and efficiently attain its set goals and objectives within a particular period of time. In addition, the paper will analyze the contribution of organizational management as well as employees of that particular organization in enabling an organization to manage the quality of services it offers to its esteemed clients in the market. In addition, the paper will also feature the merits of managing quality services in an organization to both customers of the company as well as to the organization at large. The study, therefore, majors on the contribution of quality service management and demand at Liberty travel. Liberty travel has more than 65 years experience in travel industry. Liberty connects people and places depending on the need of the traveler. Liberty has a 24/7 support service for its customers from experienced travel consultants. Liberty Travel offers a range of vocational packages including short journeys namely the short EURO breaks, USAbreaks, and CANADA breaks to long journeys. Liberty travel gives back to the society by being part of corporate social responsibilities to build a bright future in the community. Liberty Travel works with flight center foundation, habitat for humanity, earth share, feeding America and humane society of the United States. Service blueprint This will give a clear picture of the service system at liberty travel agency. The service blueprint of liberty has defined front stage activities which include Physical evidence is provided in the blueprint customers actions are stated which include making a call to make reservations, the line of interaction between the customers and the front-stage personnel drawn. The front stage actions between the customer and contact personnel are defined which include answering the call, or greeting customer if he comes to the office. The front-stage and backstage are connected by a line of visibility. Support process involving service personnel are given. The support process involves the information technology system. The organization will combine the expertise in the field of travel with digital exploration to increase its sales. Managing service quality and demand at liberty travels Service quality entails meeting the needs of customers and their requirements. The performance in every travel agency must be greater than the customers expectation, anything below that creates dissatisfaction. Liberty travel has tried in providing quality service to its customers. It has best consultants in the field of travel who offers their services to clients 24/7. Since liberty is a point of contact between the traveler and the travel industry it must work to meet the expectations of both. Generally high service quality leads to customer satisfaction. Attention to customers is one main idea that must be taken into consideration by travel agents; liberty travel agency has a well-knit personal attention to customers (Fach 2000). There is a little loophole as far as time is concerned, there are reports that liberty sometimes fails to do what they promise to on time but the company as putting in measures to curb this. Because of high demand, liberty is installing a reminder system and employing more consultants to meet the rising demand. To measure the service quality at liberty travel agency, SERVQUAL was used, and the highest gap was reported in the provision of service at promised time. Liberty travel service caps The atmosphere and physical design of liberty travel offices are superb. The interior dcor and the general surrounding gives liberty to travel the image of perfection to clients. According to research done by Bitner (2013), the physical environment is rich and influence on customer satisfaction. The employees of liberty travel are also affected by the ambiance. The productivity, satisfaction at work and motivation can be directly influenced by the surrounding environment (Becker, 2010). Service cases are taken into accounts by liberty travel and managers continually plan, build, change and control the physical appearance of the surrounding Complaint process and service recovery complaints are filed with the agency first then the management work to resolve the complaint as soon as possible to avert court cases that may arise due to complaints. Liberty has a complaint policy to be followed in filing complaints; in case complaint arises, the complainant is advised to speak to the staff member whom he/she had been dealing with. launched verbally must be submitted in written form including the name of complainant, the name of the staff member, the nature of the complaint and possible steps you have taken in resolving the complaint. The complaint is then handled according to the laid down procedure; acknowledge receipt of the complaint within three working days, review the complaint, investigate the complaint, respond in regards to the complaint then an action is taken. Complaints are treated confidentially, objectively and equally. Service recovery is the process of correcting service failure as a result of poor delivery which may lead to customer dissatisfaction. Service recovery is made to prevent customer back-out and alters dissatisfaction in return building a stronger relationship (Miller, Craighead and Karwan 2000). Liberty travel agency has designed a recovery model supported by the organization culture. Customers complaints are looked at immediately, and a letter of apology is mailed to respective customers. Some customers are awarded bonus miles for canceled reservations which may be caused by human error or computer error. The liberty travel service recovery works under fair outcome, fair processes, and fair interaction. Integrated marketing communications This is a method used by firms to increase awareness among customers towards the products and services they offer (Schultz 2012). The integrated marketing communication is used by the liberty travel agency because it is not by any chance affected by noise evident in the interactive marketing communication model (IMCM). IMCM allows creation and sending of messages through different channels like newspapers, television, radio or sales person; the message is prone to noise (Belch and Belch 2004). The noise might include a conflicting message from competitors or inconsistency of the brand and broken promises from the firm, integrated marketing is secured from all these. References Belch, G.E., and Belch, M.A., 2004. Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective,(6 Th. New York: NY: McGraw-Hill. Bitner, M.J., and Booms, B.H., 2012. Trends in travel and tourism marketing: The changing structure of distribution channels. Journal of travel research, 20(4), pp.39-44. Bitner, M.J., 2013. Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. The Journal of Marketing, pp.57-71. Chivvis, "Consent to Monitor Electronic Communications of Employees as an Aspect of Liberty and Dignity: Looking to Europe." Fordham Intell. Prop. Media Ent. LJ 19 (2008): 799. Fach, W., 2000. The methodologies for innovation and improvement of services in tourism. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 10(6), pp.356-366. Grabowski, P. and Behrens, R.H., 2006. Provision of health information by the British travel agents. Tropical Medicine International Health, 1(5), pp.730-732. Kaynama, S.A. and Black, C.I., 2010. A proposal to assess the service quality of online travel agencies: An exploratory study. Journal of professional services marketing, 21(1), pp.63-88. Miller, J.L., Craighead, and Karwan, 2000. Service recovery: a framework and empirical investigation. Journal of operations Management, 18(4), pp.387-400. Porter, M.E., 2016. What is strategy?. Published November. Schaefer, K. and Ennew, C., 2005. The impact of perceived justice on consumers' emotional responses to service complaint experiences. Journal of Services Marketing, 19(5), pp.261-270. Schultz, D.E., 2012. Integrated marketing communication. Journal of Promotional Management, 1(1), pp.99-104.

Michigan Newspapers Biased Coverage of Jewish Persecution in Germany

Introduction Soon after Adolf Hitler’s rise to power in 1933, he quickly began a process of eliminating political and economic opponents of his usually extremist policies for development in Germany. â€Å"The Night of the Long Knives† in 1934 saw Hitler eliminate his political challengers and opponents through extra-judicial executions on the false allegation of an attempted coup1.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Michigan Newspapers’ Biased Coverage of Jewish Persecution in Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Hitler’s â€Å"economic enemies† were the Jews. In his political discourse, Mein Kampf, Hitler had sought to blame the financial woes bedeviling Germany on the Jews in the country. In the book, he accused German Jews of having conspired with Russian Jews to bring about the defeat of Germany in World War I. Hitler thus sought to ensure that Jews were quickly remove d from all public and private positions of influence. Through a series of carefully planned policy edicts, Jews were banned from holding certain positions in the civil service. Hitler then sought to gain the public support of Germans in his quest to â€Å"cut Jews down to size† by urging German citizens to boycott Jewish goods and services, and avoid consuming from their shops and stalls. These actions against Jews created a deep-seated hatred for Germans by Jews in the Diaspora, who continually received news of further atrocities visited on Jews in Germany from their families. Subsequently, a teenaged (17-years) Herschel Feibel Grynszpan who at the time lived in France assassinated the German ambassador to the country in a fit of rage aimed at obtaining revenge for the discriminative policies that Jews in German-occupied territories (including his family) were being subjected to by the ruling class. This act by Grynszpan created an opportunity for Hitler and his ministers to launch more aggressive and public acts of violence against the Jews. The assassination provided Germans with the perfect excuse for attacking Jews, destroying their property and places of worship under the guise of revenge. On the night of November 9 1938, Nazi youths with the overt support of German police and line agencies began a series of violent attacks and extra-judicial executions of Jews in Germany in what came to be known as Kristallnacht, or â€Å"The Night of the Broken Glass†2. The destruction of Jewish properties and places of worship during this pogrom that lasted about three days was massive and unprecedented.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The systematic persecution of Jews since the beginning of Hitler’s reign as chancellor thus reached its nadir on The Night of The Broken Glass. The previous incident of Ambassador Ernst Vom Rathâ€⠄¢s assassination had drawn the attention of the world press towards the goings-on in Germany, and the Kristallnacht pogrom put the activities of Germans in the worldwide press’ crosshairs. The actions of the Nazi Party agencies were roundly condemned by world leaders and in press editorials. However, despite the obvious anti-Semitic attacks targeting the Jews in Germany and Europe by Nazi officialdom, the righteous anger in American citizens was quickly fading. In the period of 1933-1939, which encompasses Hitler’s rise to power that saw a sustained persecution of Jews in Germany and the pogroms, which culminated in the Night of The Broken Glass, the reception of such news by the American public was mute at best. According to Lipstadt American news correspondents, representing various newspapers in the US had been stationed in Germany for this entire period up to the year 19423. Accordingly, these news correspondents filed reports that highlighted the incidences of pe rsecution of Jews under the Third Reich4. However, the receipt of such news was tempered with the editorial exigencies of various newspapers, a general indifference towards the on goings in Europe, and a small but significant anti-Semitic undercurrent in the US. The state of Michigan offers an appropriate platform for analyzing the factors that led to the lack of significant public and government action at the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich. Michigan, in the years preceding the Second World War, had a significant German population. Incidentally, the State was also home to a large number of persons of Jewish ancestry.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Michigan Newspapers’ Biased Coverage of Jewish Persecution in Germany specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A significant number of persons of German ancestry lived in the city of Detroit, as did Jews. This set the stage for potential confrontation e specially of the matter concerning the persecution of Jews in Germany, its coverage and significance, coupled with what it portended in the event of war. The people of Michigan hardly knew of the Jewish persecution under the Third Reich due factors such as the editorial choices of leading newspapers in Michigan, and a pro-German stance of powerful and influential Michigan citizens. Background on the State of Michigan’s Automobile Industry and its Connections to Germany The State of Michigan, as the home of various automobile companies, was an industrial state. The three largest car-manufacturing companies in the US were stationed in the state – General Motors (GM), Ford and Chrysler. Michigan’s industry and the economy were thus dominated by the automotive industry. Most of the State’s citizens worked in the automobile industry, and the industry was the largest contributor to the state’s earnings. The Ford Motor Corporation’s head, Henry For d, created an employment model that not only revolutionized Employment Relations (ER) in the US and the other countries with similar labor markets, but also instituted a system of paying his workers unusually high wages in order to reduce employee turnover and pre-empt union activities within his corporation5. After the First World War, Germany was economically hamstrung by the monumental war reparation payments she was paying to the allied victors. The Nazi party was constrained concerning the economic policies to implement that would jump-start Germany’s economy, and allow it to grow to its pre-first World War levels. When Hitler came to power, he went to considerable lengths in trying to restore the German economy. He emphasized on Germans that they should buy from Germans (and except Jewish Germans) in order to boost local industries. One of the pet projects for the chancellor was the production of a cheap German-made car model that would be affordable for the average Ger man. The car would subsequently serve as the tonic for boosting Germany’s ailing automobile industry. The answer came in the form of the Volkswagen Beetle model, which was hailed as the perfect car for Germans desiring fuel efficiency while maximizing vehicle mileage use in their automobiles.Advertising Looking for term paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Volkswagen beetle had many manufacturing qualities, which were present in one of Ford Motor Corporation’s automobile models – Model T. Model T was the brainchild of Henry Ford, who had conceived its features such as fuel efficiency, and ease of use in order to capture the needs of the average American automobile owner. Model T was a runaway success for Ford Motor Corporation at the turn of the Twentieth Century and later decades, becoming one of the ubiquitous vehicles on American roads. Hitler had been a keen admirer of not only the industrial policies of Ford Motor Corporation, but its leader Henry Ford too. The similarities of the two vehicle models the Volkswagen beetle and the Ford Model T thus suggest an imitation, or at the very least, a borrowing of ideas, by Hitler from Ford. The Big Three automobile corporations – Ford, GM, and Chrysler, engaged Hitler in various efforts to open up the German market to the Michigan based companies, and export the U S industrial technologies to Germany. The German automobile industry was of specified interest to the three corporations who were keen on maximizing sales on their overseas markets in Europe and particularly Germany. The German based subsidiaries of both Ford Motor Corporation and General Motors effectively controlled nearly 70% of the German automobile market6. As stated earlier, the Nazi regime (under the guide of Hitler himself) went to considerable efforts to model the German economy after the US system and markets. Hitler believed that, the mass production of automobiles and other industrial machines at low cost would be the most effective means of boosting the then ailing German economy. Accordingly, Hitler aggressively pursued the path of mass production of industrial machines, planes, and automobiles at low cost. The fact that Hitler borrowed these economic ideas directly from corporations based in Michigan alludes to a connection between the state and the members in the hig hest power echelons, in the Nazi Germany. During the period from Hitler’s ascension to power in 1933 to the end of the Second World War, the use of forced labor in many German factories was common. The Big Three automobile corporations in Michigan thus were not only able to maximize profits through the sale of automobiles to the extensive German market, but the profit maximization also stemmed from the engagement of workers at minimal or no rates by the Nazi regime. The Michigan based corporations were well aware of the fact that workers in their German plants were not being remunerated at all for work done. The interests of both the Michigan based corporations and the Nazi regime were satisfied through the unfortunate exploitation of mainly Jewish workers in labor camps7. Hitler and his Nazi regime followers on their part were able to kick-start the rapid economic and industrial growth, which would see Germany soon emerge as a significant industrial force in the relatively s hort period that Hitler was chancellor. The connection between the Big Three Michigan based automobile corporations and the German automobile industry, however, went beyond the civilian realm. Desperate to restore the German military arsenal, weaponry, and mobile machines to a level that would enable his planned conquest of Europe, Hitler became interested in the industrial activities of the American automobile corporations. Ford Motor Corporation and GM had practiced advanced and innovative industrial techniques that had ensured their status as industry leaders throughout the world. During the First World War, Ford had been able to manufacture planes using cheaper materials but with the same functional efficiency of previous models, a move that helped give the American military an edge over its enemies. Similarly, GM’s production of synthetic fuel was a significant discovery for the Germans, who would later use GM’s techniques of manufacturing synthetic fuel for their war campaigns in Europe. The German based manufacturing plants of the American automakers such as Ford and GM served Hitler’s need for a discreet rearmament program. Because under the terms of the peace treaties, which ended World War I Germany was not to re-arm or maintain a large army, the re-tooling of the German manufacturing plants of the American corporations, to become veritable military manufacturing plants, served the Nazi regime’s purposes well. GM played a vital role in the early stage design of the Luftwaffe, the German plane bomber that caused significant losses for the Allies and demoralized the British public due to its efficiency. Of significant note is that during the same period that the German based manufacturing plants of the US automakers were being re-tolled to serve Germany’s future war effort, the same corporations were resisting US government pressure to militarize some of their production plants8. GM consistently maintained that its pr oduction plants in Dearborn were not sufficiently crafted to undertake the production of military planes, yet the corporation was involved in the production of planes in its Russelsheim plant, in Germany. The three Michigan based motor vehicle corporations thus served to gain from sales in the relatively large German automobile market. Michigan Auto Industry’s Connection to Germany’s Role in Obscuring Jewish persecution News Given that the Michigan auto industry maintained close connections to Germany, news of the auto industry’s progress in its overseas plants took precedence over news regarding the exploitation of workers (a part of the persecution of Jews). The more Nazi Germany looked towards the Michigan auto industry for innovation, inspiration, and ideas, the more newspapers carried such news in their front pages, and thus the more likely news of the persecution were ignored. Michigan newspapers, such as The Detroit News and The Frankenmuth News, were mor e interested in publishing such news of the economic progress of Germany and its affiliations to the automotive industry in Michigan than the news of persecution of Jews. Prominent Michigan Personalities’ Connections to Germany There were several prominent personalities who were born and/or resided in Michigan and whose connections to personalities and organizations in Nazi Germany ensured that the state maintained links with Germany, sometimes to a level that, with the benefit of hindsight, bordered on treasonous acts. These personalities included Henry Ford, Charles A. Lindbergh, and the ‘radio priest’ Father Charles Edward Coughlin. Henry Ford By the time Hitler assumed the chancellorship in Germany, his relationship with Henry Ford, the head of Ford Motor Corporation, had already taken a personal angle. Hitler had previously admired the ideological inclinations of Ford, who in the early decades of the Twentieth was rabidly anti-Semitic. So fond of Ford and hi s anti-Semitic beliefs was Hitler that he had a picture of him at his Brown House in Germany. Henry Ford’s influence and stature in the state of Michigan was strong. Because Ford Motor Corporation was based in the Dearborn, in Michigan, he exercised considerable economic and quasi-political power on the affairs of the state. Ford had even, in the year, 1918 ran for a US senate seat from the state, loosing by the narrowest of margins to his opponent. The events and outcomes of the First World War had a significant impact on Henry Ford on a personal and professional level. Henry Ford acquired the belief that businesspersons mainly sponsor wars in order to advance their interest through profiting from the sale of weaponry and other war necessities. As an established businessperson, Ford was of the view that corporations should strive to avert wars and that corporations through policies that promoted the holistic welfares of their workers offered the best chance for creating and sustaining peace throughout the globe. In the years following the First World War, Henry Ford bought into the conspiratorial idea that rich Jewish bankers throughout the globe had necessitated the worldwide hostilities that characterized World War I with a view to making war profits on a global scale. Henry Ford thus became highly critical of Jews and their business practices, especially in the US. In 1918, ford purchased a local Dearborn weekly newspaper, The Dearborn Independent and began a decade’s long publishing of his anti-Semitic views on the newspaper. Ford in the publications continuously blamed Jews for every problem in the world save the common cold. The publications in The Dearborn Independent were subject to numerous lawsuits concerning the anti-Semitic angle of the writings, but Ford persisted in his views. He used his significant resources to ensure that the newspaper was published throughout the US, and at one point, it was second to The New York Times in nati onwide subscription and circulation. Ford combined his diverse views on the ‘evil’ nature of Jews in a single article entitled The Protocols of the Elders of Zion, which purported to detail an alleged plan by Jews to control world resources, businesses, and governments through maintaining holdings in the press and national finance institutions of various nations throughout the world. The article was presented as minutes of an alleged meeting in the late Eighteenth Century of Jewish leaders who subsequently came up with a plan to dominate the entire world. Although The Protocols of the Elders of Zion were quickly confirmed to be fraudulent by critiques in established newspapers throughout the world, Ford hurried the publication of about half a million copies to be distributed throughout the US. The significance of the widespread circulation of Protocols of the Elders of Zion beyond Europe was Hitler’s almost intimate fascination by its contents. Hitler not only be lieved in the false contents of the document, but also arrogated himself the personal task of ensuring that the proposed worldwide domination by Jews never became known. Apparently, he felt that, only him and his Aryan â€Å"race† Nazi followers had the right to dominate the world if his plans for the thousand-year reign of the Third Reich are anything to go by. Protocols of the Elders of Zion became massively popular in Germany, as did Henry Ford. Various Nazi leaders described Ford as their inspiration and an ideological partner of the Nazi regime. Texts of The Protocols were published in the German language and were voraciously studied in German classrooms. For his efforts, Ford received the ignoble honor of being the only American mentioned favorably in Mein Kampf. Besides The Protocols, Henry Ford published several articles in The Dearborn Independent that casted Jews as the source of all matters wrong in the world. These series of articles were published under the overa ll title â€Å"The International Jew: The World’s Foremost Problem†, continuing his anti-Semitic tirades against Jews. Charles A. Lindbergh Charles A. Lindbergh was the first person to fly non-stop across the Atlantic from the US East Coast to Europe in 1927. This feat brought Lindbergh worldwide fame and recognition. As the ultimate American aviation hero, he was idolized throughout the US. Charles A. Lindbergh was born in Detroit, Michigan, and after his prize-winning flight across the Atlantic was considered a native hero of the State of Michigan. Lindbergh maintained a strong connection to the Nazi Party and its leaders in the years following his pioneering achievement in the aviation industry. Lindbergh’s fame, thus, propelled him to national prominence, and his position on various socio-economic issues aside of the aviation industry held considerable sway in the country. Lindbergh was a strong opponent of communism and on this matter found kindred spirits in the Nazi leaders including the chancellor Hitler himself. To some extent, Lindbergh believed in the superiority of the white race, and viewed communism as a means of promoting economic systems that would weaken the white race at the expense of other ‘inferior’ races throughout the world. In this regard, Charles Lindbergh went to exceptional lengths to portray Germans in a positive light in order to avert war between Germany and Britain, conventionally favoring a scenario of the Western nations (with the inclusion of Germany) attacking the Soviet union to pre-empt the spread of communism. Lindbergh’s ideological and racial beliefs led to his association with various persons in both Michigan and Germany, associations that favored the continual persecution of Jews under the Third Reich. Lindberg’s belief that the US should collaborate with Germany (as should Britain) in an attempt to nip the spread of communism in the bud earned him the lasting friendship of and partnership with Henry Ford. Henry Ford’s rabid anti-Semitism has already been discussed, including Ford Motor Corporation’s dalliance with the Nazi regime in exploiting workers for no pay in order to maximize profits. Lindbergh believed that, Americans owed allegiance to their European Caucasian kins, and that the world had a better future with Caucasians (as opposed to Asian or Blacks) as the world leaders. To Lindbergh, Russia was Asiatic in origin, culture and beliefs, and the matter of Communism in the country stirred anger in him, an avowed anti-communist. The influence of Charles Lindbergh’s view both nationwide and in the state of Michigan can be seen in the prominence that his views and activities were given in the state press. Even an ordinary trip to Germany to receive his medal from the German leadership is splashed on the front pages of some many newspapers in Michigan9. Father Charles Edward Coughlin Royal Oak based Michigan priest Father Ch arles E. Coughlin identified himself primarily as an anti-communist, stating that communism was an evil that if allowed to take root in America would not only destroy the lives of Americans in this world, but also the next. He had initially supported the â€Å"New Deal† policies of President Roosevelt, which were aimed at improving the lot of the lower and middle class in America, before later changing tune and branding the president a warmonger. Similar to Henry Ford and Charles A. Lindbergh, Father Coughlin believed that Jews were behind the spread of communism in Europe, particularly Russia, and that they were intent on spreading the same to western countries including the United States. He blamed a faceless band of â€Å"Jewish conspirators† for the great depression, and sympathized with the actions of the Nazi party in Germany, stating that all that Hitler and his followers were keen on was halting the spread of communism in Europe10. The significance of father Co ughlin’s beliefs and rests on the fact that his weekly radio audience was exceptionally large – about thirty million every week. Estimates suggest that Father Coughlin may have had the attention of nearly a quarter of the American public’s attention during certain broadcasts. In Michigan, his followers identified themselves as Coughlinites, and believed his every word. Although father Coughlin consistently denied that he was anti-Semitic, his words, actions, and associations said otherwise. On the destruction visited on Jews on The Night of The Broken Glass, Father Coughlin played down the destruction visited on the Jews, instead pointing out that Bolshevik communists had killed many Christians in Russia without much outcry from the rest of the world. Michigan’s Prominent Personalities’ Role in Obscuring Jewish Persecution News Ford, Coughlin, and Lindbergh were rabidly anticommunist. At one point during the 1930s, the Detroit News published an art icle that accused Jews of being Soviet spies, a view which was held by Father Coughlin and Ford11. This case is just one instance of how the influence of prominent persons extends to the news covered. Similar to the case of the automotive industry, the views and actions of these prominent persons were given prominence in the Michigan newspapers over the news of the persecution of Jews. Additionally, concerning Ford, he spent large sums of money in advertising campaigns, both for his cars and his ideas. His huge financial power extended to the newspapers and he thus tended to influence the political and ideological leanings of various Michigan newspapers. When he published The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in his Dearborn newspaper in the 1920s, he used his finances to ensure that the paper was second to the New York Times in nationwide circulation12. He also paid many writers to write articles criticizing Jews in newspapers. Lindbergh’s contention that Germans were the vang uard against the spread of communism endeared him to Nazi Germany, and his every opinion and activity especially concerning the need for the US to form an alliance with Germany against communist Russia were given a lot of prominence in Michigan newspapers. Michigan Newspapers Coverage of Jewish Persecution under the Third Reich: 1933-1942 In the period 1933-1939, the continued persecution of Jews caught the attention of newspaper correspondents stationed in Germany. Many US newspapers had reporters stationed in the country even prior to Hitler’s chancellorship13. On a national level, New York Times was most prominent in Germany, and as the leading newspaper in the US by subscription numbers, its subscribers cut across the entire nation. On a state level, with a focus on the state of Michigan, The Detroit News had some correspondents reporting from Germany. Most other newspapers either relied on reports from other sources in Germany, or simply even gleaned the news from articl es in other newspapers in the US. Overall, news of the persecution of the Jews under the Third Reich did reach the US shores, as will be examined shortly. The following thematic analysis of the articles of various newspapers with circulation and subscription within Michigan during the period 1933-1939 indicates that news of the persecution was mentioned, at the very least. The New York Times â€Å"Nazi Deeds Called Worst In History† The New York Times, within a year of Hitler’s ascension to the chancellorship, had the article â€Å"Nazi Deeds Called Worst in History† by Michael Williams, writing for the New York Times in 193314. The article by Williams highlighted the beginnings of the travails of the Jews in Germany. Immediately after Hitler came to power in 1933, he began implementing a series of measures aimed at isolating Jews from the German socio-economic sphere and body politics. The regular members of the Nazi party were naturally over-enthusiastic in th eir mission to implement the policies fashioned by the Nazi leadership led by Hitler. Some of the policies included the termination of employment for Jews holding positions in Universities within Germany and other public services posts and roles. Additionally, Germans were forbidden from buying goods from Jewish shops, which shops were mandated to identify their ownership as being Jewish in order to ensure Germans knew exactly which shops to avoid. The matter of Jews having to identify themselves made them easy targets for youths belonging to the Nazi party who went about destroying Jewish property, and killing Jews in the name of implementing Nazi Party polices. Williams reports of a conservative figure of about 300 Jews killed by Nazi party faithful. Furthermore, he states that many Jewish families were the targets of anti-Semitic violence in Germany, stating that there were records of about three thousand (3,000) recorded cases of violence against Jews within the short period of Adolf Hitler’s rule. Of significance is the fact that, Williams went to Germany on a fact-finding mission, on commission by the American Committee on Religious Reports, which wanted to ascertain the veracity of claims that, Jews were being persecuted or discriminated against in Germany. Williams records interviewing Jewish youths who seemed disillusioned by Hitler’s policies, reporting that there was no future in Germany for Jewish youths as long as the Third Reich was in power. â€Å"‘New Order’ Dead Listed at 400,000† The New York Times had again carried another article that highlighted the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich, this time well into the chancellorship of Adolf Hitler, in 1940. Glen M. Stadler, a New York Times reporter, meticulously detailed the excesses of the German military and Nazi faithful in the conquered territories, in Europe15. Stadler writes that, in countries like Estonia and Latvia, the killing of Jews was akin to a n open hunt, where Jews were the target of killing squads sanctioned by the Nazi Party. In addition to reporting the atrocities visited on Jews, Stadler also zoomed in on the matter of Nazi treatment of its prisoners in the conquered territories. The Germans were shown as being particularly insensitive to the rights of Prisoners of War, summarily shooting surrendered and surrendering fighters in contravention of established war protocol. Furthermore, the Germans mistreated the captured people under their watch, denying them food and subjecting them to forced labor in order to boost German war efforts. German officialdom consistently stated that it was not the duty of the victor to feed the defeated. According to Stadler, the hunting down of Jews in the conquered territories of Europe was carried out systematically by the German secret police, the Gestapo. The Gestapo, upon the German military successful conquest of a country or territory, would immediately begin to document all the Jews present in the area. This obsessive planning and documentation of Jews, an exercise that marked them for death, was of paramount concern for Stadler, who found it offensive and unacceptable. Additionally, Jewish properties were looted and their personal accessories confiscated by the Gestapo and other Nazi party agencies. The New York Times Subscription and Circulation in Michigan As the largest paper in the US in terms of circulation and subscription, The New York Times was extensively read in the state of Michigan. Readers were drawn mainly from the urban area and cities such as Detroit, Plymouth, and Bay City. In relation to the reporting of the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich as indicated by the foregoing articles in its publications on diverse dates of Hitler’s reign in Germany, such articles were placed in the inner sections of the newspaper. The editorial choices of the editors, on these two different dates in electing to place the reports of Jewish pers ecution in the inner pages, suggest a deliberate plan to water down the significance of such news. The Detroit News The Detroit News was one of the most widely read newspapers in the metropolitan and urban areas of Michigan, particularly the city of Detroit. A survey of its publications during the period 1933-1939 indicates that the Detroit News hardly reported on the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich, and when it did, such reports were aimed at downgrading the atrocities that Nazi Germany committed on Jews. On March 12 193716, the newspaper published an article that charged Jews in the US with sabotaging the American and German economies by boycotting German goods. The article further accused Jews as being soviet spies, and proponents of communism. The Detroit Jewish News and the Detroit Jewish Chronicle The Detroit Jewish News and the Detroit Jewish Chronicle were weekly newspapers that were concerned with articulating news and affairs affecting Jews in general. As expecte d, these two newspapers went to considerable lengths to highlight the persecution of fellow Jews under the Third Reich. In most of the publications by these two newspapers, the fate of Jews under the Hitler regime, as regards their persecution, were headlined and given prominence. The two newspapers had widespread circulation in the cities of Michigan besides Detroit, such as Traverse City and Royal Oak. â€Å"Polish Jews Send Frantic Appeal to World for Food† The Detroit Jewish News carried the above headline in its April 24, 1940 headline17. An outright two-pronged approach in highlighting the plight of Jews in German territories, the headline both implies a need for action as well as focuses on the persecution of Jews in German territories. The headline thus affirms the widely held notion that, the Germans were starving their prisoners and Jewish captives to death in deplorable labor camps where they were worked to death. â€Å"Nazis Slaughter 13,000 Jews in Lwow; Report 1500 More Died in Radom of Starvation† The above headline appeared on the Detroit Jewish News on May 1 194018. As a Jewish-affairs newspaper, the Detroit Jewish News was at the forefront in highlighting the ill treatment of Jews at the hands of Nazi officers and the German army. This headline goes a bit further than just the communication of the plight of Jews, but announces the deliberate killing of Jews in a seeming effort to eradicate Jewish peoples – genocide. That 13,000 unarmed and imprisoned Jews (or any other persons in that case) could be summarily executed indicated malice and a genocidal tendency on the part of the Germans. â€Å"7300 Greek Jews Dead of Starvation under Nazi Rule† The above headline appeared in the Detroit Jewish News on May 15 1942 headline19. The article appeared three years into the Second World War, after Hitler attacked and conquered Poland in 1939. A system emerges in the news headline publications of the newspaper where the Nazi s are portrayed as willfully allowing their prisoners and Jews under their watch to die. In addition, the Nazis were thus involved in a broad based agenda of eliminating, through deaths, all Jews in their European-held territories. Having allowed Jewish prisoners and captives under their watch to die in Poland, and now in Greece, the systematic plan of the Nazis to eliminate Jews in all the territories that they will conquer unfolds. â€Å"Nazis Exterminate Jews in 5 Polish Towns† On March 26 1943, the Detroit Jewish News carried the above headline in its front pages20. The pattern of using particularly strong verbs such as â€Å"slaughter† and â€Å"extermination† when referring to the killing of Jews indicates an attempt to call the vile and heinous crimes perpetrated by the Germans against the Jews for what they were. In this given headline, the extent and spread of the German persecution of Jews is highlighted through the mention of the killing occurring in five polish towns. To some extent, this headline, especially since it comes deep into the war in 1943, betrays the frustrations of the Jews in Michigan in their efforts to draw attention to the atrocities visited on the Jews by Nazi Germany. â€Å"Reverend Coughlin’s Attempt to Spread Religious Hatred is Most Vicious un-American Scheme† The above article appeared as an editorial headline in the Detroit Jewish Chronicle on 25 June 1937. The editorial write-up by Philip Slomovitz was aimed at repudiating the utterances and thoughts of Father Charles E. Coughlin through his weekly radio broadcasts21. Slomovitz was concerned with the manner in which Father Coughlin was denigrating the persecution of Jews in Germany, and twisting the events in the country to appear as if Nazi officials were ‘protecting’ capitalism by eliminating Jews and all forms of Jewish socio-economic and political domination of events, in German society. Slomovitz was especially concerned that the weekly radio broadcasts by Father Coughlin, which reached millions of Americans, were preventing Americans from appreciating the unfolding tragedy of Jewish persecution and genocide under the Third Reich. The New York Times, The Detroit News, The Detroit Jewish News, and the Detroit Jewish Chronicle all widely read in the urban areas and cities of Michigan. The Frankenmuth News Frankenmuth in Saginaw County in rural Michigan has a large German population. The Frankenmuth News during the period of Hitler’s reign strove to give news of the social, political, and economic progress of Germany. Due to the large German population, news of the ‘home’ country was of interest to the residents of the area, and the larger Saginaw County. The ascension to political power of the Nazi Party in 1933 had seen Frankenmuth residents with German origins take a particularly keen interest in the affairs of Germany. Many of the residents of Frankenmuth had escaped the harsh s ocio-political and economic conditions in post-World War I Germany, and immigrated to the US, and developments in these fronts (social, economic and political) in Germany elicited keen interest in them. It follows, therefore, that the Frankenmuth News would naturally spotlight the good news coming out of Germany and obscure, or even ignore, the bad. A survey of the headline stories in the newspaper indicates that the paper sympathized with the policies of the Nazi Party in Germany. News of the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich did not feature much in the articles and news published in the Frankenmuth News. After the US entered the Second World War, the newspaper was keen to portray the war as being against Nazi aggression, and not Germans themselves. In December 24, 1942, the newspaper ran an article titled â€Å"War against Nazi aggression, not Germans†22. Such sympathies with Germans and outright refusal to publish any news of the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich by the Frankenmuth News indicate a bias for the Nazi cause. Near the end of the war, when news of the horror of deaths of Jews in Nazi concentration camps began to trickle in, the newspaper was keen to caution against the ills of revenging against the Nazi in an article appearing on May 10 194523. The Biasness in the Reporting Of Jewish Persecution in Newspapers Available, In Michigan: An Analysis As indicated earlier, the 1930s saw the rise to prominence of newspapers and radio as the trusted source for news. The people of Michigan could only learn of the persecution of Jews in Germany if the newspapers and radio broadcasts in the state reported such information. Sadly, the analysis of the newspapers available for the public to the state indicates that such news was relegated via the editorial choices of various papers, downplayed by the pronouncements of prominent and trusted radio personalities, or utterly ignored by other newspapers and radio stations. Many of the newspap ers that were available in the cities and metropolitan areas of the state of Michigan, such as the New York Times, The Detroit News, The Detroit Jewish Chronicle, and the Detroit Jewish News all had in interest, in either downplaying the news of persecution or highlighting the same. Naturally, the Detroit Jewish News and the Detroit Jewish Chronicle, as newspapers keen on Jewish affairs, strove to foreground the news of the persecution of the Jews under the Third Reich. The two newspapers consistently carried weekly headlines, which highlighted the persecution of Jews for almost the entire period that such persecutions began under the Nazi party through to the end of the war. The two newspapers also appealed for help through editorials and fund drives to aid starving and homeless Jews in Europe. However, because only fellow Jews read these newspapers, such endeavors were akin to preaching to the converted. The larger non-Jewish American public in Michigan was thus not acquainted wit h the news of the ongoing persecution. The New York Times on its part did carry articles that spotlighted the persecution of Jews in Germany, as has been demonstrated. However, such articles were mostly tucked away in obscure corners of the inner pages of the newspaper, and thus such news as the persecution of Jews was not given prominence. The Detroit News, which circulated widely in the major cities of Michigan, consistently downplayed the events in Europe insofar as the attack and targeting of Jews was concerned. On many of its publications concerning Hitler’s expansionist activities and the coverage of the progress of the war, the matter of Jewish persecution hardly featured. One suspects the influence of some of the prominent citizens of Michigan and their pro-German views, such as Ford, Lindbergh and Father Coughlin, may have played a part in the lack of news of the persecution of Jews. Because such personalities were staunchly pro-German and their views carried weight within the state, the newspaper bought into their views that the enemy was not Nazi Germany, but Jews within and outside the US. The Frankenmuth News on its part was strongly pro-German. With its publishing base being in an area with not only a large number of Americans of German origin, but also persons keen on the news of Germany’s socio-economic and political progress, the Frankenmuth News strove to downplay any news that would hold German officialdom in a negative light. Conclusion The ability of newspapers and radio broadcasts to reach large numbers of subscribers made them the preferred source for news in the US, including in the state of Michigan. Accordingly, the news contained in these media represented the totality of news that reached the masses in the state of Michigan. If the newspapers in the state chose to ignore or downplay the events in Germany, in particular the persecution of Jews, it is likely that the public would have no idea of such events or would not consume such news with the seriousness deserved in the case of a downgrading of events. Similarly, radio broadcasts that effectively ignored the news of the persecution of Jews in Germany would result in the lack of awareness of such occurrences amongst the masses. With the exception of Jewish focused newspapers in Michigan, an analysis of other newspapers in the state indicates that news of the persecution of Jews under the Third Reich was either ignored, or effectively downgraded, so that the atrocities were portrayed as being mere exaggerations. Newspapers, in both the urban and rural areas in Michigan effectively ignored or downplayed the news of Nazi persecution of Jews. The New York Times, which was widely read in Michigan cities, displayed news of the persecution in its inner pages in obscure sections, effectively categorizing such news as unimportant. The Detroit News ignored any news that concerned the persecution of Jews in Germany, and was pro-German through its portrayal of Jews in a negative light in its articles. The Frankenmuth News was also pro-German and ignored news that held Germany in a bad light. Additionally, radio broadcast by Father Coughlin, who was rabidly anti-Semitic, and whose broadcasts reached hundreds of thousands of Michigan residents, downplayed the persecution of Jews under Nazi Germany. Therefore, the people of Michigan hardly received a true picture of the atrocities visited on Jews in Nazi Germany. A combination of factors, such as the editorial choices by leading newspapers in Michigan, and a pro-German stance of powerful and influential Michigan citizens, ensured that Michigan residents remained in the dark concerning the news of Jewish persecution under the Third Reich. Bibliography Buchanan, Humphrey. â€Å"Futility of Revenge.† Frankenmuth News, May 10, 1945. Coughlin, Charles E. Father Coughlin: His ‘Facts’ And Arguments. New York: American Jewish Committee,   . Dacey, Kyle. â€Å"War Is Agains t Nazi Aggression, Not Germans†. Frankenmuth News, December 24 1942, P4. Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Polish Jews Send Frantic Appeal to World for Food†. April 24 1940, P1. Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Nazis Slaughter 13,000 Jews In Lwow; Report 1500 More Died In Radom Of Starvation.† May 1 1940. Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"7300 Greek Jews Dead of Starvation under Nazi Rule.† May 15 1942. Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Nazis Exterminate Jews In 5 Polish Towns†. March 26 1943 Fetzer, Thomas. â€Å"Exporting the American Model? Transatlantic Entanglements of Industrial Relations at Opel and Ford Germany (1948-1965).† Labor History 51, No. 2 (2010): 173-191. Frost, Harry. â€Å"Henry Ford: Driven and sometimes dangerous.† Biography 4, no. 1 (January 2000): 92. Glines, C. V. â€Å"Ford’s Forgotten Aviation Legacy.† Aviation History 18, no. 5 (May 2008): 29-33 Hilger, Susanne. â€Å"‘Globalization by Americanization’: Ame rican Companies and the Internationalization of German Industry after the Second World War.† European Review of History 15, No. 4 (August 2008): 375-401. Jacobs, Janet. â€Å"Memorializing the Sacred: Kristallnacht in German National Memory.† Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 47, no. 3 (September 2008): 485-498. Kay, Alex J. â€Å"A ‘War in a Region Beyond State Control’? The German-Soviet War, 1941-1944.† War in History 18, No. 1 (January 2011): 109-122. Leighton, Isabel. The Aspirin Age: The Radio Priest and His Flock. New York: Simon Schuster, 1949. Lipstadt, Deborah E. Beyond Belief: The American Press The Coming Of The Holocaust. New York: The Free Press, 1986. Marlon, James. â€Å"Soviet Spies†. Detroit News, March 12 1937. Machtan, Lothar. 2001. â€Å"Hitler, Rohm, and the Night of the Long Knives. (Cover story).† History Today 51, no. 11: 5. Slomovitz, Philip. â€Å"Reverend Coughlin’s Attempt to Spread Reli gious Hatred Is Most Vicious Un-American Scheme. The Detroit Jewish Chronicle, 25 June 1937, Spook, Edward. â€Å"Lindbergh Speaks, Berlin Cheers†. Detroit News, April 8 1933. Stadler, Glen M. â€Å"New Order Dead Listed At 400,000†. The New York Times, May 18 1942. Williams, Michael. â€Å"Nazi Deeds Called Worst In History†. The New York Times, June 14 1933. Footnotes 1Lothar Machtan. â€Å"Hitler, Rohm, and the Night of the Long Knives. (Cover story).† History Today 51, no. 11, (2001), 5 2Janet Jacobs. â€Å"Memorializing the Sacred: Kristallnacht in German National Memory.† Journal For The Scientific Study Of Religion 47, no. 3 (September 2008), 487 3 Deborah Lipstadt. Beyond Belief: The American Press The Coming of The Holocaust. (New York: The Free Press, 1986), 14 4 Lipstadt, Beyond Belief, 15 5 C. V Glines. â€Å"Ford’s Forgotten Aviation Legacy.† Aviation History 18, no. 5 (May 2008),31 6 Thomas Fetzer. â€Å"Exporting the American model? Transatlantic entanglements of industrial relations at Opel and Ford Germany (1948-1965).† Labor History 51, no. 2 (2010), 173 7 Susanne Higler. â€Å"‘Globalization by Americanization’: American companies and the internationalization of German industry after the Second World War.† European Review Of History 15, no. 4 (2008), 375 8 Alex Kay. â€Å"A ‘War in a Region beyond State Control’? The German-Soviet War, 1941-1944.† War In History 18, no. 1 (2011), 110 9 Edward Spook. â€Å"Lindbergh Speaks, Berlin Cheers†. Detroit News, April 8 1933, P1. 10 Charles E Coughlin. Father Coughlin: His ‘Facts’ and Arguments. (New York: American Jewish Committee, 1939), 12 11 James Marlon. â€Å"Soviet Spies†. Detroit News, March 12 1937 12 Frost, Harry Frost. â€Å"Henry Ford: Driven and sometimes dangerous.† Biography 4, no. 1 (January 2000), 92. 13 Lipstadt, Ibid, 15 14 Michael Williams. â€Å"Nazi Deeds Called Worst in History†. The New York Times, June 14 1933, P4 15 Glen M Stadler. â€Å"New Order Dead Listed at 400,000†. The New York Times, May 18 1942, P4 16 Marlon, ibid 17 Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Polish Jews Send Frantic Appeal to World for Food†. April 24 1940, P1 18 Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Nazis Slaughter 13,000 Jews in Lwow; Report 1500 More Died in Radom of Starvation†. May 1 1940, P1 19 Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"7300 Greek Jews Dead of Starvation under Nazi Rule†. May 15 1942, P1. 20 Detroit Jewish News. â€Å"Nazis Exterminate Jews in 5 Polish towns†. March 26 1943, P1 21 Philip Slomovitz. â€Å"Reverend Coughlin’s Attempt to Spread Religious Hatred is Most Vicious un-American Scheme. The Detroit Jewish Chronicle, 25 June 1937, P5 22 Kyle Dacey. â€Å"War is Against Nazi Aggression, not Germans†. Frankenmuth News, December 24 1942, P4. 23 Humphrey Buchanan. â€Å"Futility of Revenge†. Frankenmuth News, May 10, 1945. This term paper on Michigan Newspapers’ Biased Coverage of Jewish Persecution in Germany was written and submitted by user Jordan Rivers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Essays

Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Essays Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Paper Health Insurance and Retirement Plan Proposal Paper Avionics Solution is a small business organization serving as one of the leaders in manufacturing avionics equipment. It started as a family-owned business that delivers quality products given to its regular clients. As of today, Avionics Solution is currently employing at least 48 personnels within its manufacturing facility. It is the main aim of the organization’s administration to be of great help to its employees as well as with its clients. Through the establishment of a fine communication system that flows between the employers, the administrative sector and the rank and file employees, the organization’s head officers try to bridge the gap existing between the said stakeholders of the organization. Clearly, the mission of the organization to serve the community with the best possible services it could offer have been understood by the organization’s authorities to have been effectively sourced out from the establishment of   fine camaraderie among the people making up the entire company, including the employees as the primary actors within the organization’s journey towards success. Certainly, Avionics Solution wants to make sure of its competitive status in the manufacturing industry by providing its employees a workplace that stimulates employee interaction and economic growth. However, with all the fine set of missions created by the administration for the entire organization to follow, it has been found out that most of the employees complained about the fact that there are several provisions not granted by the organization, which namely includes health insurance and retirement plan. It is then proposed in this plan paper that the said issue be addressed well. This is to help the company get assured that it would be able to stay in its status of competition within the industry, through its provision of the utmost important factors of consideration for its employees. The said plan proposal shall immensely be patterned on the criteria as follows: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it makes a persuasive case that we need healthcare and retirement plans to improve working conditions and the profitability of the Avionics Solution Company, 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it offers an introduction to the different types of plans that are available 3)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   it presents a recommendation as to which plans the administration should acquire.

Gratitude and Congratulations

Gratitude and Congratulations Gratitude and Congratulations Gratitude and Congratulations By Mark Nichol Gratitude and congratulations, along with some other words with the element grat and associated with giving thanks, are related. Such words, and a couple of disguised cognates, are listed and defined in this post. Gratitude, and the other words discussed here, derive from the Latin adjective gratus, meaning â€Å"pleasing† or â€Å"thankful.† Gratitude is the state of being thankful, and a synonym for thankful is grateful. The antonym of that word is ungrateful, but someone who withholds gratitude is an ingrate. Gratify, though stemming from the same origin, has a different sense; it means â€Å"give pleasure or satisfaction,† and, depending on context, it can have a positive or negative connotation. For example, the noun form in â€Å"instant gratification† refers critically to an undesirable personal or cultural trait associated with seeking short-term satisfaction to the detriment of more productive habits or pursuits. Similarly, though gratuitous originally meant simply â€Å"free,† that sense has largely been overtaken by the meanings â€Å"unearned† and â€Å"unwarranted,† as in a reference to gratuitous sex or violence in a film; the element or scene is not integral to the plot and is therefore considered exploitative. A gratuity, however, is always welcome: It is something given voluntarily. (Often, the word is simply employed as a formal alternative to tip in the context of rendering services.) Centuries ago, when one expressed pleasure in the achievements of another, one offered gratulation. However, that form was superseded by congratulation, and now it is customary to pluralize that word. (Congrats is a slang truncation.) Unfortunately, thanks to the punning exclamation â€Å"Congradulations!† in the context of graduation from school or college, seen on greeting cards and the like, congratulations is sometimes inadvertently misspelled. Grate, meaning â€Å"grill† or â€Å"scraper,† is unrelated, but grace, meaning â€Å"mercy,† â€Å"elegance,† and â€Å"virtue,† and the identical verb form, meaning â€Å"show favor,† are descended from gratus. Something exemplifying grace in the sense of â€Å"elegance† is graceful, while something lacking that quality is graceless. Disgrace is the loss of favor or honor, and something that brings (or should bring) shame to someone is disgraceful. Meanwhile, scapegrace, on the model of scapegoat, means â€Å"someone who falls out of favor with God.† Another disguised descendant of gratus, by way of French, is agree, meaning â€Å"give assent or consent† or â€Å"coincide.† Something agreed on is an agreement. Something is said to be agreeable when it is acceptable, in harmony with what is desired, or pleasing, and a person with a pleasing or positive disposition is agreeable. In all cases, the antonym is represented by attaching the prefix dis-. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 "Home" Idioms and Expressions75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†When Is a Question Not a Question?

Current Problems With Migrant Workers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Current Problems With Migrant Workers - Essay Example In simple terms, migration can be defined as the process of the movement of people from one place to another occurs for better living prospects or job opportunities. Migration usually occurs internally and externally. In other words, migration cane takes place within the boundaries of the country and also between different countries. Globalization, liberalization and privatization like modern economic principles gave momentum to the migration activities. Countries like India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka etc have excessive labor forces and lesser job opportunities whereas countries or regions such as America, Europe, Middle East have excessive job opportunities and lesser manpower. In order to keep a balance between the number of labor force and the number of opportunities, countries often encourage migration activities. Even though migration is a kind of fortune exploration, it is not necessary that all the migrants may get better fortunes because of migration. In fact migrant workers are fa cing lot of personal, social and family problems in their workplace which is situated in locations other than their native places. In most of the cases, workers are usually comfortable in working near their native places because of their better awareness about the local culture and working environment. However, migrant workers forced to work in entirely new places which could be extremely different; socially, linguistically, legally, politically and economically from their native places. All these parameters can create huge problems to the migrant workers and their families. This paper analyses the current problems facing by migrant workers and the possible solutions for this problem. Current problems with migrant workers The latest changes in the UK government's managed migration policy with the introduction of a new Points-Based System have been recognized as privileging White European economic migrant workers - including those from Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries - a t the expense of low-skilled (non-White) workers from outside of the European Union (Pemberton & Stevens, 2010, p.1289). Europe is a region which is facing severe manpower shortage virtually in all the critical areas of employment. People from all over the world are currently working at different parts of Europe. For example, in majority of the European hospitals, a substantial portion of the working nurses are from Asian countries. Since the integration of European countries is currently taking place though European Union, many European countries have implemented different labour laws for different people. In other words, labour laws for White European economic migrant workers are entirely different from the labour laws for black people. In other words, racial discrimination in the form of labour discrimination is still prevailing in many of the European countries. The case of America is also not much different. Violence against the migrant workers are growing everywhere in the wor ld. It should be noted that people from developed countries are reluctant in accepting professions which requires hard labour. On the other hand workers from poor countries are ready to accept hard labour. Thus skilled labour shortage is one of the major problems facing by the developed countries. In America, Europe and Middle East, most of the workers working in the construction industry are from India and Pakistan. Because of the shortage of domestically available constructions workers and the huge demands for construction works, developed countries are recruiting bulk volumes of skilled workers from underdeveloped countries. Migration of workers in large volumes is causing demographic

Poems comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Poems comparison - Essay Example There is no irony or sarcasm in this poem, when compared with the other two. Barbie Doll refers to the chilling stereotyping a young girl, growing up, is subject to. She is expected to conform to unrealistic standards of beauty and behavior, to become a pleasing, plastic, plaything, and forget her own individuality. In the process, the girl loses her self-esteem and resorts to suicide. The only time that she is able to conform to society’s norms is after her death—which implies that these norms are killing. This urge to be stylish is referred to in Titanic as well. The urge is so strong that it is not unlikely that people, if given a chance might actually choose to voyage again on the doomed Titanic, just to be able to go down grandly! There are only two instances in the poem, where the poet uses some kind of literary flourish, by characterizing puberty as â€Å"magic† (a metaphor) and describing the girl’s good nature wearing out â€Å"like a fan belt† (a simile). However, beneath the mere presentation of facts lurks a suppressed emotion, which the reader relates to, and the result is therefore an evoking of similar emotion. Titanic, however, has no underlying emotion. The poem mocks at people’s tendency to pursue blindly, that which is considered fashionable—like lemmings rushing to a mindless death. But it certainly invokes in the reader, by its mocking style, a horror of our tendency to want to conform to the fashion of the day, irrespective of consequences. The poem highlights how modern media romanticizes even the most terrible of events, and the power of the media over our lives. Both Titanic and Barbie Doll are written in the third person, to achieve distance in the presentation, while Philadelphia, in the first person, immediately establishes emotional proximity with the reader. However, the first two poems have a certain tension, which evoke further

Free

Free trade Blessing in Disguise Essay Antagonists of government intervention envisage a liberalized or free trading arena. While international trade has been present throughout much of history , its economic, social, and political importance has only recently become apparent. Walter Block sees free trade as the only philosophy compatible with international peace and prosperity. Free trade involves the eradication of current trade barriers so as to encourage countries to specialize in production. Society thrives on trade simply because trade makes specialization possible. (Blinder p. 1). The basis of the free trade argument is an economic theory known as comparative advantage and was devised by David Ricardo in the late 19th Century. The Ricardian model is perhaps the most important concept in international trade theory. In a Ricardian model, countries specialise in producing what they produce best. Unlike other models, the Ricardian framework predicts that countries will specialise solely instead of producing a broad array of goods. Ricardo argues that trade will not affect . Take for example the situation of the Lawyer and the secretary. Some lawyers are better typists than their secretaries. Should such a lawyer therefore fire his secretary on these grounds, and do his own typing? Not likely. Though the lawyer may be better at both typing and presenting cases, he will fare better if concentrating his energies on arguing cases and leaving the typing for his secretary. Specialization not only aids in making the economy more efficient, it also leaves the lawyer and secretary with productive work to do. Nations act in much the same way. Countries are said to hone their skills on a particular good or service and trade with others that have done the same. Through peoples desire to acquire new skills and knowledge, coupled with the yearning for a greater range of products growing, the call for countries to abandon protectionist policies is imminent. Conclusion In conclusion protectionist policies should be abandoned in order to make way for the freer flow of goods. As discussed protectionist policies are detrimental to the overall economic success of a nation. Through such policies as subsidies, producers are less likely to better their products due to the absence of international competition. The implementation of freer trade promotes specialization of production and aids in consumers receiving better quality goods at a reduced price. In order for greater consumer choice and freedom protectionist policies should be re-evaluated. Reference List Blinder, A 1992, Free Trade, Liberty Fund Inc, Princeton, USA Bigelow, B Peterson, B (ed.) 2002, Rethinking Globalization: Teaching For Justice In An Unjust World, Rethinking Schools Press, Wisconsin, USA. Dunning, H 1993, The Globalization of Business, Routledge, London Dunning, H 2000, Regions, Globalization and the Knowledge-Based Economy, Oxford, New York Economic Planning Advisory Council 1994, Regional Trading Agreements, Australia, August 1994, background paper no. 40, Canberra. Hill, Charles W.L. 2006, Global Business Today, Mcgraw-Hill Irwin, New York. International Monetary Fund 1988, Issues and Developments in International Trade Policy, December 1988, Occasional Paper no. 63, Washington.

Are Computers Putting Our Childrens Education at Risk? :: essays research papers

Computers are woven into every aspect of our lives. From the microwave oven that small children can learn to use to heat up a hot dog, to the computers under the hoods of our cars, we interact with computers whether we realise it or not. (Campbell, 1999). But when it comes to the education of our children, the use of computers becomes a controversial issue. Of course, as stated above, computers are an everyday tool in the education of children, but the question being asked is, what effect do these computers really have on our children? Are computers being used in age-appropriate ways? Do program designers take into account the developmental needs of children? Are teachers receiving sufficient technology training? Is "learning software" really what it purports to be, or is it simply "edutainment" that reinforces impulsive point-and-click behaviour in the pursuit of a trivial goal? (Healy 1998) Many people are beginning to wonder about these questions, and are comin g to the conclusion that computers may be very harmful to the development of our children. Academically, physically, socially and emotionally. There are many negative issues surrounding the use of computers as educational tools. These range from ineffective learning, impacts on children’s health, creativity, brain development and social and emotional growth. Also, besides the issue of computers affecting children’s development, there is the ongoing issue of costs of this new and constantly updating technology. These issues, combined with many others, are beginning to emerge, and we can see why many people are reconsidering the validity of computers in education, especially that of young, primary school-aged children. In relation to the issue of the negative effects computers have on the physical development of children, Jane Healy has presented the following fact: The American Academy of Paediatrics has expressed concern about the amount of time children spend in front of various types of screens, and several experts in eye development have stated that computer use is creating problems in children developing visual systems. (Healy 1998, p.18) Healy also cites literature that suggests that during the first six years of life, misuses of technology may adversely affect brain maturation and development. Computers do have physical effects on those who use them, and these effects can be serious and long lasting, even permanent. Moreover, they contribute to a wide range of disorders – to muscle, joint and tendon damage, to headaches and eyestrain, to seizures and skin problems.

Assessment and Learners Essay

Introduction The aim of this report is to identify my roles and responsibilities as a teacher delivering the Level 2 Certificate in Youth Work Practice (City and Guilds). The course is attended by trainee youth workers aged 18 and over and consists of 20 taught sessions and a work-based placement. The qualification is assessment based, with all Learners producing a portfolio of evidence to support their learning. The portfolios are assessed, checked by an Internal Verifier and samples of the portfolios are checked by an External Verifier to agree the standards of assessment. Responsibilities The role of teacher holds many responsibilities. Lifelong Learning UK (LLUK) defines two teaching roles: 1. Associate Teacher, Learning and Skills (ATLS) which is a supportive role 2. Qualified Teacher, Learning and Skills (QTLS) which is a full teaching role To become a QTLS the Institute for Learning (IfL) states: â€Å"As a new entrant to teaching in the Learning and Skills Sector, you will have to complete the PTLLS award. It must be completed within one year of initial employment. † (March, S, 2010: 4) It is my responsibility as a teacher to complete this qualification and continuously develop my skills as a professional. As a teacher some of my responsibilities include having knowledge and understanding of the subject, curriculum development and delivery and appropriate initial, formative an summative assessment methods. As a teacher within the Level 2 Certificate in Youth Work Practice I am responsible for the development and delivery of a suitable curriculum to enable Learners to complete the qualification by demonstrating and evidencing their learning. This also includes carrying out initial assessments for all Learners and identifying any needs of the individual or the group. During the development of the curriculum I plan and prepare sessions to meet the learning outcomes of the course, sourcing and developing appropriate resources then delivering sessions and supporting Learners where necessary. Suitable assessment methods and evaluation processes will also be structured into the curriculum to ensure continuous development of the course, the Learners and the teachers. Other responsibilities within my role include: * Appropriate record keeping. This may include Learners details, registration forms, Initial Assessments, registers, portfolio files, results and assessment records, placement details and session plans alongside schemes of work. These records are kept to ensure all Learners’ needs are met and progress is appropriately recorded on Individual Learning Plans which are necessary for certification. Work placement details and Criminal Record Bureau (CRB) checks also need to be kept to ensure safeguarding and health and safety policies and procedures are followed correctly. Records must be kept in accordance to legislation and also as a matter of best practice and for auditing purposes. * Suitable evaluation. Evaluation of the Learners’ progress is essential to their learning to identify areas for improvement. It is important to evaluate the curriculum, sessions and my own development to ensure my practice is reflective, professional and continuously developing. * Respect. Paramount to my role as a teacher is respect for the Learners and my colleagues, including professional boundaries. This includes maintaining a degree of formality and understanding of the limits of my relationship with the Learners, ensuring these are made clear, preventing the crossing of boundaries. This also includes an awareness of my own limitations within my role and knowing how and where to signpost Learners for further support. Legislation There are many policies and procedures to follow within my own organisation and the qualification awarding body, governing many aspects of my role as teacher. Some of these relate to legislation such as: * The Equality Act (2010) This act promotes equality of opportunity. My practice must be inclusive and take into consideration this legislation to prevent discrimination as guided by mu organisations Equal Opportunities Policy. * The Data Protection Act (1998) This act regulates the processing and storing of information about individuals. My organisation follows appropriate policies and procedures in accordance with this act including storing all Learners’ files in a lockable file in a suitable environment only accessed by authorised staff. * The Copyright Licensing Act (CLA) (1988) Organisations must have a license to copy parts of books and documents. It is vital to ensure this is followed when copying any material to ensure it is done within the limits of the organisation’s licence. * Health and Safety at Work etc Act (1974) This is the main piece of legislation covering health and safety in the work place including anyone entering and using the premises. * Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations (1999) This Legislation requires all  employers carry out appropriate risk assessments, implement necessary measures, appoint competent staff and arrange suitable information and training around health and safety. My organisation also follows appropriate policies and procedures to ensure both this and the Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) are complied with. This includes risk assessments, record keeping, first aid training, incident reporting and safeguarding policies and procedures. As well as legislation and organisation policies and procedures there is a code of practice to be followed by teachers, produced by The Institute for Learning (IfL). This outlines the standards of professional behaviour expected of members working in further education and includes: * Professional integrity regarding all interactions with Learners, colleagues and other professionals. * Show respect to all Learners and colleagues and recognise and value diversity and engage in anti-oppressive practices. * Ensure reasonable care regarding the safety and wellbeing of others where possible and within legislation. * Provide evidence of your own professional development. * Notify the IfL as soon as possible after cautioning or conviction for a criminal offence. * Provide appropriate support during any investigation by the IfL. My own practice also requires me to work within the National Youth Agency code of practice too. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion As a teacher it is essential that my practice ensures the fair treatment of all Learners and that they are allowed equal opportunities to participate and gain the qualification. This may involve adapting sessions including timings, resources, assessment methods and providing additional support where necessary. The Equality Act (2010) bans unfair treatment and aims to achieve equal opportunities within the work place and wider society. The act replaces previous anti-discrimination laws to make legislation simpler and remove inconsistencies and covers nine protected characteristics which cannot be used as a reason to treat people unfairly. The protected characteristics are: 1. Age 2. Disability 3. Gender reassignment (choosing to live as a gender other than that assigned to you at birth, with or without surgery. ) 4. Marriage and civil partnership 5. Pregnancy and maternity 6. Race 7. Religion or belief 8. Gender 9. Sexual orientation The Equality Act identifies ways in which it is unlawful to treat people including: * Direct and indirect discrimination * Harassment * Victimisation * Failing to make reasonable adjustments for people with disabilities My organisation operates within an equal opportunities policy influenced by this Act which must be followed by all staff and Learners. As well as a commitment to equality within my practise it is important to recognise and value individual differences and the different cultural backgrounds of Learners, colleagues and the wider community. My practice must promote diversity through my behaviour, use of language and appropriate challenging of others to reflect this. Inclusion within teaching ensures that all Learners are able to participate and feel included, removing any barriers to their learning experience. This should include all teaching and learning processes from the planning and delivery stages to evaluation and further planning. Appropriate information should be collected at the Initial Assessment stage to allow necessary adaptations to the teaching programme. This may include providing additional support for Functional Skills or allowing time and space for prayers. Recommendations for professional practice Throughout my teaching practice I will continuously update my skills through training, supervision and self-evaluation to ensure a high standard of professional practice. I will also review all necessary policies and practices to work within legislation and promote best practice. It is also important to maintain suitable contact with governing bodies to stay updates with codes of conduct and changes to legislation. Bibliography Cohen, L, Manion, L and Morrison, K. (2004) A Guide to Teaching Practice, 5th Edition, Suffolk: Routledge Great Britain. Equality Act 2010, London: HMSO March, S. (2010) Preparing to Teach – the first steps: Chartered Institute of Environmental Health.

Andy Goldsworthy

His work is ephemeral- not going to last forever. Because is artwork doesn't last, the videos/ photos become the artwork. Through the making of his artwork, he learns about nature It is always straight to work- no time for research on the area he is in. He has been taking photographs since school- it is the way that he documents his artwork It is his way of reflecting on what he has make He doesn't have a clear picture of what It Is he Is going to make- he goes out and sees what the day is doing, what it will let him make.The land itself entices him and the absence of nature Background, Influences: English- lives In Scotland The nature, area around him Land art/ earth art in the ass's-ass's art movement The term earth or land art is used to describe site-specific artworks made in the environment, using the materials and forms of the environment. Most earth art is known to the public through photographs and written records. Because earth art is part of the environment It is subject to the force of nature that can cause it to change over time, or can even destroy It.The rise of earth art In the 1960 Is sometime associated with an Increasing awareness of environmental Issues. Most artist, however were attracted to earth art as part of a desire to escape the gallery system and the communication of art objects. Interests, Themes, Ideas, Intentions: Responds to what is happening at that moment, In the day with the Items around him Death and decay Growth, change, flow, nature He uses everything from leaves and sticks to sheep wool. Movement, change (in material, season and weather) Light, sunlight, snow reflections, mist The energy and space around a material